Paper about clergy sexual abuses in South Korean churches retracted over ‘citation irregularities’

A year after writing an article about a movement in South Korea to hold clergymembers accountable for sexual abuse, a theology professor has asked for the paper to be retracted after acknowledging “citation irregularities” in the work. The specific problems remain unclear. 

The paper’s retraction notice, dated December 21, 2023, states that the editors of the Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics supported the request to pull the article. Asked for more details about which “irregularities” or other factors might have contributed to the retraction, Maria Teresa Dávila, one of the journal’s editors and an associate professor of religious studies at Merrimack College, in North Andover, Massachusetts, confirmed the retraction and referenced the society’s publishing guidelines and ethics statement, but did not highlight specific passages that would pertain to this specific case. She also refused to answer further questions about the retraction. 

The paper’s author, David Kwon of Seattle University, published the article when he was still an assistant professor at Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota. His work centers on gender and racial justice from a global perspective. He did not respond to repeated requests for comment.

The #ChurchToo movement followed swiftly on the heels of the #MeToo movement that started in the United States. That religious reckoning made its way to South Korea, where a corresponding #ChurchToo movement exposed priests and pastors with histories of committing sexual abuse. 

Kwon’s article, “Clergy Sexual Abuse and an Ethics of Recognition: An Example of the #ChurchToo Movement in South Korea,” provided philosophical frameworks and strategies for ensuring the longevity of this push for gender justice for women in Korean Christianity:

The hashtag activism Korean #ChurchToo must transform into an assembly in the street. This transformation has the potential to help the Korean church to break free from the grip of oppressive social norms, structures, and ritualized patterns that render women and minority genders’ bodily lives more precarious.

The paper has yet to be cited, according to Clarivate’s Web of Science.

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Exclusive: Probe suggests new retraction awaiting embattled Korean heart doctor

Hui-Nam Pak

A prominent physician-scientist in South Korea may soon be facing his fourth retraction. Last month, Hui-Nam Pak of Yonsei University was found guilty of duplicate publication, a form of academic misconduct, according to a report from the school’s committee on research integrity Retraction Watch has obtained.

Pak, a cardiologist, has had dozens of papers flagged on PubPeer. As we reported in February, journals pulled two of his papers the previous month after a whistleblower pointed out problems with the articles. One was retracted for “a number of issues related to scientific misconduct,” while the other was a duplicate publication. A third paper by Pak was retracted years earlier after mistakenly being published twice by the same journal.

Our February story triggered a flood of comments, many of them malicious. Some likened whistleblowing to “academic vandalism.” Others asserted that “whistleblowers deserve strong legal penalties” and that “immoral whistleblowers” seemed bent on ruining Pak’s “outstanding career.” Many comments were rejected for not adhering to our commenting policies, in particular making unsubstantiated claims.

The September 12 report from Yonsei University (in Korean) explains that an “informant” reported two of Pak’s papers to the school’s Research Ethics Integrity Committee on March 7. 

Impaired mobilization of bone marrow derived CD34 positive mononuclear cells is related to the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation” was published online in 2011 in the International Journal of Cardiology. According to a machine translation of Yonsei’s report, the article overlaps significantly with the paper “Non-ischaemic titrated cardiac injury caused by radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation mobilizes CD34-positive mononuclear cells by non-stromal cell-derived factor-1α mechanism,” published in 2009 in EP Europace.

The latter paper “is listed in the references of paper No. 1,” the report states, “but the research subjects of the two papers are the same, and the research results of the comparative paper are part of the research results of paper No. 1 … so it is a substantially similar work. Nevertheless, the [second paper] was recognized as a separate research achievement … so it was an unfair duplicate publication.”

We emailed the editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Cardiology and Elsevier, its publisher, but did not immediately hear back.

The second paper reported to Yonsei University, “eNOS3 Genetic Polymorphism Is Related to Post-Ablation Early Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation,” was the one retracted in January due to scientific misconduct. 

The informant claimed Patrick T. Ellinor, a professor at Harvard Medical School, had been listed as a coauthor of that paper “even though he did not contribute to the research.”

However, the committee found: “According to the explanation of the person under investigation, Professor Patrick T. Ellinor contributed to the research by presenting the research methodology and conducting a review of the research results, so it is difficult to say that the person under investigation committed research misconduct equivalent to unfair author indication.”

Neither Pak nor Ellinor responded to requests for comments.

The informant also alleged Pak might have doctored the data in the article. But those concerns “appear to be about simple errors in the research and scientific validity rather than issues of ethics, so it is difficult to say that the person under investigation committed research misconduct equivalent to forgery and falsification,” the report states.

Like Retraction Watch? You can make a tax-deductible contribution to support our work, follow us on Twitter, like us on Facebook, add us to your RSS reader, or subscribe to our daily digest. If you find a retraction that’s not in our database, you can let us know here. For comments or feedback, email us at team@retractionwatch.com.

Hands up! Carpal tunnel expert loses 12th paper for misconduct

You can no longer count on two hands the number of retractions tallied by  Young Hak Roh, an orthopedic surgeon at Ewha Womans University in Korea found guilty of “intentional, repetitive, and serious misconduct.” The hand specialist has notched his 12th retraction in the wake of the institutional investigation, which, as we reported in July, … Continue reading Hands up! Carpal tunnel expert loses 12th paper for misconduct

Hand surgeon in South Korea loses seven papers for “serious misconduct”

A surgery journal has retracted seven papers by a group in South Korea after an institutional investigation found evidence of “intentional, repetitive, and serious misconduct” in the work.  The articles, by a team at Ewha Womans University and Seoul National University College of Medicine, appeared in the Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) between 2016 … Continue reading Hand surgeon in South Korea loses seven papers for “serious misconduct”

“Unjustified authorship” spikes paper by daughter of South Korea official

Following weeks of scrutiny, the daughter of a high-profile official in South Korea has had a paper she wrote as a high school student retracted, in part because the journal determined she had made no intellectual contributions to the study. Cho Kuk, who was officially appointed yesterday (September 9) as the top justice official in … Continue reading “Unjustified authorship” spikes paper by daughter of South Korea official

Researcher in South Korea racks up three retractions and at least 10 corrections

A professor at Kyung-Hee University in Seoul, South Korea, has retracted three articles and had at least ten corrected, all for image manipulation, duplication, or errors. Joohun Ha’s three retractions all appeared in the Journal of Biological Chemistry (JBC). One of the papers, “AMP-activated protein kinase activity is critical for hypoxia-inducible factor-1 transcriptional activity and … Continue reading Researcher in South Korea racks up three retractions and at least 10 corrections

When multiple doctors treat a patient, who gets to publish the case report?

Three researchers are fighting over who should get to publish a case report on a pair of unique patients. Yoo-Mi Kim—who was not an author on the paper—claimed that he had diagnosed the patients described in the report, and should have been the one to write it up. The authors—Jun Woo Park and Soo Jung … Continue reading When multiple doctors treat a patient, who gets to publish the case report?

Journals retract 30 papers by engineer in South Korea

An engineer in South Korea has lost 30 papers, at least seven of which for duplication and plagiarism. He has also been fired from his university position. Soon-Gi Shin, whose affiliation was listed as Kangwon National University in Gangwon, is the sole author on the majority of the papers, published in four journals between 2000 … Continue reading Journals retract 30 papers by engineer in South Korea

Caught Our Notice: Doesn’t anyone do a literature review any more?

Titles: (1) Whole-Genome De Novo Sequencing of the Lignin-Degrading Wood Rot Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (ATCC 20696) (2) Structure revision of aspergicin by the crystal structure of aspergicine, a co-occurring isomer produced by co-culture of two mangrove epiphytic fungi What Caught Our Attention: Two articles by different groups of authors recently suffered from the same (fatal) […]

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Journal bans author for three years after retracting paper with “serious ethical” problems

An anatomy journal has banned a researcher from submitting papers for three years after determining one of his recently published papers suffered from “serious ethical” issues. According to Jae Seung Kang, associate editor at the journal Anatomy and Cell Biology (ACB), the paper’s sole author—Jae Chul Lee—falsified both his affiliation and approval for conducting animal […]

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